ABSTRACT
Introduction: In the diagnosis of malignant tumors, cytological examinations of various body fluids are useful. For the preparation of body fluid, many methods are used till date. The use of liquid-based cytology is new upcoming in the field. Aim: To examine the performance of liquid-based cytology on body cavity fluids as compared to conventional cytopreparatory techniques. Methodology: In the present study, 700 body fluid samples were processed by both liquid- based cytology (BD SurePath™) and conventional cytopreparatory technique (Thick & Thin). The performance of both techniques was compared in terms of “smear quality” and “overall diagnostic test performance.” Results: Out of 155 body fluid samples from proven malignancy patients, 32 (20.65%) were reported as Positive for malignancy, 23 (14.84%) as Suspicious of malignancy, and 100 (64.51%) as Negative for malignancy by CS (Thick and Thin). A total of 44 (28.39%) were reported as Positive for malignancy, 12 (7.74%) as Suspicious of malignancy, and 99 (63.87%) as Negative for malignancy by LBC. Conclusion: Liquid-based cytology is advantageous over conventional techniques in cytomorphology of body fluids, but not better in sensitivity and specificity. Also saves cytopathologist's valuable time for screening.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence (AI) cytology combined with DNA-image cytometry (DNA-ICM) auxiliary diagnostic system for the identification of benign and malignant pleural effusion and ascites. Methods Liquid-based cytology technology (LCT), DNA-ICM, AI, and AI combined with DNA-ICM were used to identify benign and malignant pleural effusion and ascites specimens in 360 cases, and their sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Kappa value, Youden index and AUC were statistically analyzed. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of AI combined with DNA-ICM in detecting benign and malignant pleural effusion and ascites were 95.23%, 94.12%, and 94.44%, respectively, which were higher than those of the three other separate detection methods (all P < 0.05). The kappa values of LCT, DNA-ICM, and AI were 0.646, 0.642, and 0.586; their Youden index values were 0.693, 0.687, and 0.676, and their AUC values were 0.846, 0.843, and 0.838, respectively. The Kappa value of AI combined with DNA-ICM was 0.869, the Youden index was 0.893, and AUC was 0.947, which were all higher than those of the three detection methods alone. Conclusion Among the three separate detection methods, LCT has the highest reliability, authenticity, and diagnostic value, and it can be used as a common method for the clinical identification of benign and malignant pleural effusion and ascites. The diagnostic performance of AI combined with DNA-ICM auxiliary diagnosis system in identifying benign and malignant pleural effusion and ascites is better than those of the three separate detection methods and can be used as a reliable method for the clinical identification of benign and malignant pleural effusion and ascites.
ABSTRACT
Background: The five-year survival rate of oral cancer remains 50% or less despite the treatment advances. An effective screen- ing test is necessary for early detection of oral cancer. Aim: To assess the efficacy and diagnostic accuracy of centrifuged liquid-based cytology in comparison to conventional exfolia- tive cytology in normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials & Methods: The study population comprised of 40 individuals, equally divided into two groups: healthy individuals and previous histopathologically proven oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Exfoliative cytology was done and the samples were processed by conventional cytology as well as by centrifuged liquid-based cytology and stained with Papanicolaou stain. Seven cytological parameters were analysed to assess the quality of slides prepared. A cytological diagnosis of the case group was also made and was compared with histopathological diagnosis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Results: The present study revealed statistically significant superior results in all the cytological parameters evaluated by centri- fuged liquid-based cytology compared to conventional exfoliative cytology (P ?0.05). There was an ‘almost perfect agreement’ found between centrifuged liquid-based cytology diagnosis and histopathology (k=0.89) while only a ‘substantial agreement’ was found between conventional exfoliative cytology with histopathology (k=0.79). Conclusion: The present study summarizes that centrifuged liquid based cytology is more effective than conventional oral exfoliative cytology in screening oral cancer. Further studies with larger sample size in different oral lesions are necessary to validate the use of this cytology technique.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical cancer is unique among human cancers which is mostly attributable to infection. Conventional PAP smear method is most effective for prevention and detection of cervical cancer but the accuracy of this method is low. This PAP smear now evolved to Liquid Based Cytology (LBC). Method: All the patients visiting Gynaecology OPD who fulfilled the inclusion Criteria in the duration starting from 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2021 in the Department of Pathology of Gajra raja Medical College, Gwalior (MP) were included in this study. 50 atypical smears by Conventional PAP test were then collected and these cases were subjected to Eziprep Liquid Based Cytology and Conventional PAP smear in private laboratory setup after taking history and clinical examination. The smears were studied by using 7 morphological parameters. Smears were analysed for adequate cellularity, clean background, uniformResult: distribution of cells, cellular overlapping, inflammation, distinct cell border, nuclear irregularity and then categorise by Bethesda reporting system. The results were significant only for clean background, uniform distribution of cells, cellular overlapping and inflammation. Conclusion: Results of cervical cytology smears by both methods showed that LBC provides more representative sample with reduced obscuring material, improved clarity allowing better morphological evaluation.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in almost 90% of the cases. Its incidence is alarmingly high among men who have sex with men (MSM) and continues to increase at an average rate of 2% per year. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the usefulness and performance of liquid-based anal cytology as a screening tool for prevention and early detection of SCCA in a cohort of at-risk men. Method: We conducted a retrospective study including 111 MSM, aged between 22 and 62 years old, who underwent anal cytological screening with a liquid-based Pap test at our sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) clinic from January 2015 to March 2017. Results: Out of 111 anal smears, 57 (51,4%) resulted negative, 42 (37,8%) abnormal, and 12 (10,8%) unsatisfactory for the cytological evaluation. Only patients with an abnormal cytology underwent anoscopy and subsequent biopsy. The histological results were as follows: negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) in 5 cases, low-grade SIL (L-SIL) in 21, high-grade SIL (H-SIL) in 5, SCCA in 1. Five patients had a normal anoscopy and biopsy was not taken. Conclusion: Liquid-based cytology, reducing the "darkening factors" typical for the conventional smears, has a higher positive predictive value than the traditional technique. Moreover, a cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or L-SILmay hide a severe dysplasia or even a carcinoma. Thus, all patients with an abnormal anal cytology at any grade should be considered for anoscopy. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Anus Neoplasms/prevention & control , Cytodiagnosis/methods , Sexual and Gender Minorities , HIV , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
Objective To explore the value of endocervical curettage (ECC) in the detection of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features and colposcopical characteristics of 678 female patients with complete clinical data. Results Among 678 cases, 391 cases were confirmed by cervical biopsy only and 7 cases by ECC only (57.67% vs. 1.03%, P < 0.001). ECC checked out 287 HSIL patients (42.33%, including cervical biopsy positive and negative cases) and cervical biopsy checked out 671 HSIL cases (98.97%, including ECC positive and negative cases). There were 68 positive ECC cases in the conversion area of Type 1+Type 2 and 247 positive ECC cases in the conversion area of Type 3(33.33% vs. 52.11%, P < 0.001). The positive rates of ECC in patients≥45 years old and < 45 years old were 145 and 170, respectively (55.13% vs. 40.96%, P < 0.001). Conclusion The cervical biopsy plays a dominant role in the detection of HSIL, and ECC can only be used as a supplement to it. Female patients older than 45 years or with Type 3 transformation zone examined by colposcopy should be concerned with cervical lesions.
ABSTRACT
Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) has proven to be less costly and less invasive procedure than biopsy for diagnosing benign and malignant lesions. Of the two methods liquid based cytology (LBC) and conventional cytology (CC), LBC has been standardized as more efficacious in reporting in Gynaecological cases. But, this is still lacking in non-gynaecological cases and many studies are now focusing on studying LBC due to its proven advantages in Pap smear evaluation.Methods: An observational study of 72 patients with lung mass and 11 with mediastinal mass was done for a period of six months in a tertiary care hospital in Gurugram to compare the diagnostic efficacy of LBC and CC in fine needle aspirates from lung/mediastinal mass.Results: Of the 83 cases, reporting of LBC was adequate in 75 cases and CC in only 53 cases. LBC was better when differentiating malignant and benign lesions than CC. CC smears had better cellularity in comparison to LBC smears (36%), but rest cytological features of cytoplasmic detailing, cell architecture, less background debris and blood were all more appreciable in LBC smears than CC preparations.Conclusions: LBC is a better method than conventional smear for smear preparation and processing of aspirates obtained from lung and mediastinal mass.
ABSTRACT
Context: Liquid-based cytology. Aims: Utility of liquid-based cytology (LBC) was compared to conventional smear cytology in ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates of abdominal masses. Settings and Design: This was a prospective comparative study conducted in collaboration with surgery and pediatrics surgery departments of our institute. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients presenting with evidence of abdominal mass were enrolled for the study and underwent fine-needle aspiration cytology. The material was processed for the preparation of conventional smears and residual material was rinsed into cytolyt for LBC by Thin Prep method and into cell block fluid. The smears prepared from both the methods were compared by two independent and experienced pathologists for adequacy, cellularity, architectural pattern, cytoplasmic preservation, nuclear preservation, and background. Results: Cellularity was frequently higher in the conventional smears than on Thin Prep slides (P value = 0.025). Recognition of architecture was better on the conventional smears (P value = 0.001). Cytoplasm was better preserved on the conventional smears (P value = 0.001) but difference in the preservation of nuclear details was not statistically significant on slides prepared from both the techniques. The background of Thin Prep slides is significantly cleaner than direct smears (P value = 0.001). Non epithelial elements such as mucin and neurofibrillary tangles were better preserved on direct smears (P value = 0.001) but diagnostic accuracy of both the methodologies showed no statistically significant difference (P value = 0.226). Conclusions: The Thin Prep technique utilizes expensive equipment and reagents. It also generates certain morphological artefacts in slides with which a cytologist needs to get familiar. When used in isolation, it may not consistently provide any added advantage in the diagnosis of such lesions and should be used as an adjunct to conventional smears. It may be preferred in situations where material has to be transported for processing or is required for ancillary tests.
ABSTRACT
Background: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common malignancy of women in India after breast cancer. The present study was conducted to determine the spectrum of cervical lesions by liquid-based cytology in Western Rajasthan population.Methods: It is a Prospective study on 1087 cervical samples carried over a period of 1 year. Cervical samples were taken and processed by SurePath™ LBC.Results: Of total 1087 cases 959 were negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (88.22%). 88 cases (8.09%) were reported as unsatisfactory. Among the non- neoplastic cases- bacterial vaginosis was reported in 209 cases (21.8%), Candida in 77 cases (8.02%), both Candida and bacterial vaginosis in 12 cases (1.25%), reactive cellular changes in 193 cases (20.12%), and Trichomonas vaginalis in 01 case. Among pre-malignant and malignant lesions, 40 cases (4.17%) the distribution was as follows-atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance 16(1.67%), atypical squamous cell-cannot rule out high grade 08 cases (0.83%), Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion 04 cases (0.42%), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion 07 cases (0.73%), Atypical glandular cell favoring neoplastic 01 case (0.15%), and squamous cell carcinoma 04 cases (0.42%). Histopathological co-relation of premalignant and malignant lesions was further studied.Conclusions: Liquid based cytology is an effective screening and diagnostic procedure for cervical abnormalities. Among pre-malignant and malignant lesions, histo-pathological correlation increased with increased grade of severity of lesions. To the best of knowledge, this is the largest study of liquid based cytology in the Western Rajasthan.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical cancer is the second highest cause of cancer-related mortality in women, and the only sign of this cancer in the early stages is the loss of abnormal cells. Clinical signs of the disease appear only after cancer has reached advanced stages. Conversely, this cancer in precancerous conditions is completely curable and screening with conventional Papanicolaou (CP) has reduced the mortality by 70% but it is also associated with a significant number of false-negative cases (20-50%). In 1996, liquid-based cytology (LBC) method was developed to overcome the disadvantages of the previous method expecting to have good features such as high sensitivity, faster sample preparation, and decreased the rate of inadequate smears.Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, government medical college, Datia for the period of 11 months from April 2018 to February 2019. The study includes total 80 subjects. Total No. of Pap smear examined (both LBC and CPS) are 160.Results: There were statistically significant differences of satisfactory/unsatisfactory rate, smear cellularity, background clarity and detection of endocervical cells, in between liquid based cytology and conventional Pap smear finding (p<0.05). Diagnostic efficacy i.e. sensitivity and specificity of LBC is greater than CPS for evaluation of cervical cytology.Conclusions: Results shows, that LBC may improve the sample's quality, reduce the number of unsatisfactory smear and increases the diagnostic efficacy.
ABSTRACT
Background: There are multiple screening methods available for screening cervical cancer with their advantages and disadvantages, researches that compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of these tests in a low-cost setting specific to a geographical area is lacking and has to be enhanced. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the agreement, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of conventional Pap smear cytology, liquid-based cytology and VIA/VILI with cervix biopsy.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on women of >35 years of age. Pap smear specimen was collected followed by Liquid Base Cytology (LBC) using cytobrush specimen after which visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with Lugol’s Iodine (VILI) procedure was carried out and followed by cervix biopsy. All methods were analyzed for accuracy.Results: Sensitivity was lowest for PAP smear (39.1%, 95% CI 19.18% to 59.1%), followed by VIA VILI (95.7%, 95% CI 87.32% to 100%), and highest for LBC (100.0%). The negative predictive value was lowest for PAP smear (87.4%, 95% CI 81.21% to 93.6%), followed by VIA VILI (99.0%, 95% CI 96.99% to 100.0%) and highest for LBC (100%). The overall diagnostic accuracy was lowest for PAP smear (88.3%) followed by VIA/VILLI (99.2%) and highest for LBC (100%).Conclusions: Treatment decisions based on findings of the PAP smear have to be taken with caution, considering the lower sensitivity. Wherever resources are available more accurate screening methods like liquid-based cytology must be used.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical carcinoma is the fourth most common malignancy worldwide and the fourth most common cause ofdeaths due to cancer worldwide. Conventional Papanicolaou (PAP) smears were used for screening led to a drastic reductionin a number of cervical carcinoma cases, but have high false negativity. Hence, newer methods like liquid-based cytology(LBC) were introduced.Aim: The aim of the study was to compare LBC with conventional PAP smear for cervical cancer screening.Materials and Methods: This study was done on randomly selected 100 patients attending the pilot screening project at atertiary care teaching institute in South India. The sample for conventional PAP smear was taken using Ayre’s spatula andslide prepared. The sample for LBC was taken using the cytobrush, and the sample was rinsed in the fixative provided by themanufacturer. The sample was then centrifuged and slide prepared. Both the slides were then stained using the rapid PAPstain. The slides were analyzed and the following results were obtained.Results: Most of the patients who attended the screening program were in the fourth decade of life. Dysplasia was diagnosedin 26% of cases and most were in the age group of 21–40 years. Most of the cases were in the socioeconomic Class II of themodified Prasad’s classification. Dysplasia was found more in the socioeconomic Class III (12% of cases). 90% of cases startedsexual activity before 25 years of age, and out of these 90 patients, 92.3% had dysplasia. Dysplasia was more in patients withparity 3(14% of cases). 46% of cases presented with white discharge per vaginum. The cytological abnormality was found in28 cases (28%) by LBC, whereas conventional Pap smear detected an abnormality in only 22 cases (22%). 96 cases (96%)were satisfactory for evaluation on LBC and 92 cases (92%) in conventional Pap smear. ASC was found in 12% of cases inconventional PAP whereas it was detected in only 6% of cases in LBC. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) andhigh-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were found in 8% and 2% of cases in conventional PAP smear whereas itwas found in 12% and 8% of cases in LBC. No carcinoma was found in conventional PAP smear whereas 2% of cases hadcarcinoma features in LBC. Sensitivity and specificity of PAP smear in detecting LSIL was 40% and 93% whereas for HSILit is 50% and 100%. Sensitivity and specificity of LBC in detecting LSIL is 66% and 94% whereas for HSIL it was 100% and96%. Overall sensitivity and specificity for conventional PAP smear is 55.5% and 83.7% whereas for LBC it is 83% and 86.5%,respectively. There was a medium level of correlation between conventional PAP smear and LBC (r = 0.59).Conclusion: LBC is strongly advocated in the best interest of public health especially in countries like India where more numberof people are in the lower socioeconomic status category. It improves the sample quality and reduces the likelihood of falsenegative results and hence improving the efficacy of the screening programs.
ABSTRACT
Background: To analyze retrospectively the results of HPV DNA, immunocytochemical HPV antibody staining of gynecologic smear samples evaluated in a public hospital and to observe their compatibility with histologic diagnosis. At the same time, the contribution of ICC HPV Ab staining experience results to the morphological evaluation is discussed in this paper.Methods: In this study, liquid-based cytology test results of patients who applied to the gynecology between 2014 and 2017 were analyzed. The Ultravision Quanto Detection System was modified for immunocytochemical staining. HPV DNA tests were performed with the Qiagen Hybrid Capture test.Results: The 18404 test result was included in the research. The percentage of smear that epithelial cell atypia is seen was 3.4%, the rate of ASC/SIL was 1.89%. Compared to the first 3 years of the study, the increase in the rate of LSIL is seen with a partial decrease in ASCUS rate in year 2017 (p<0.05). The atypical positive test rate with histologic confirmation was 73.61%. Among 138 HPV Ab results, 58.7% of them were negative and 41.3% of them were positive. Sensitivity and specificity rates were determined 76.19% and 52.17% for SIL. Among 53 HPV DNA results (53% negative and 46.3% positive); sensitivity and specificity rates were determined 92.86% and 50% for SIL.Conclusions: İmmunocytochemical HPV Ab staining provided statistically significant contribution to LSIL (p<0.05). It is thought that it also will provide additional evidence for morphological findings while cytological evaluation and may help the clinician in managing the conditions for disease.
ABSTRACT
Introduccion: El uso de Citología Convencional de Papanicoloau (CC) frente a Base Líquida (CBL), el profesional que realiza la extracción, primera lectura y diagnóstico de la muestra; el uso de la clasificación Bethesda, la detección de ADN del VPH y el seguimiento de hallazgos ASCUS son eslabones en el tamizaje del Cáncer del Cuello Uterino (CCU) poco estudiadas en nuestro medio. Objetivo: Determinar las características del tamizaje para cáncer CCU en 08 establecimientos de salud (EESS) de Lima Metropolitana sedes del Internado Médico de la FAMURP en el 2017.Métodos: Descriptivo, transversal. Muestreo por conveniencia. Se entrevistó a los Jefes de los Servicios de Patología. Resultados: Participaron 8 EESS de Nivel III del MINSA, EsSalud y FFAA. Todos realizaron la CC, ninguno CBL. Las muestras son extraídas por el Ginecólogo o la Obstetriz, y en 1 caso por enfermería, la primera lectura es realizada por el Tecnólogo Médico y en un caso por el Anátomo Patólogo; el diagnóstico, por el Anátomo Patólogo. Se usa el Sistema de Bethesda para el Reporte Final. No se usan pruebas de detección para ADN del VPH. En 8, se hace seguimiento para hallazgos ASCUS. Conclusión: La CBL, la lectura automatizada, y la identificación del ADN de VPH no están implementados. Se recomienda realizar estudios costo-efectivo para proponer su implementación futura, y realizar estudios respecto de las fases del proceso del Tamizaje
Introduction: Use of Papanicolaou's test versus Liquid Based Cytology; professional that executes the sample's extraction, first lecture and diagnosys; use of Bethesda clasification; VPH's DNA detection, and the follow up of ASCUS results, are important topics of the Cervical Cancer screening which are scarcely studied at Peru. Objective: To determinate characteristics from the screening of Cervical Cancer at 08 Health institutions (HI) from Metropolitan-Lima in 2017 which were Intership Medical Centers for FAMURP students. Methods: Observational, descriptive transversal study with convenience type sampling. Pathology's Chiefs from HI were interviewed. Results: 8 Third level HI from MINSA, ESsalud and FFAA were included. All HI use Papanicolaou Test, no LBC were used. Samples were taken by the Gynaecologist or the Obstetrician and in one case by the nurse; first lecture, by the Medical Tecnologyst and in one case by the anatomic pathology specialist; diagnosys, by the anatomic pathology specialist. The Bethesda System was used at the Final Report. No HPV- DNA detection test was used. 8 HI made ASCUS finding follow up. Conclusion: LBC, automatic lecture for screening and HPV-DNA detection are not implemented. It is recommended to desing cost-effective studies for their future implementation, and desing studies at the Cervicuterine cancer Screening stages.
ABSTRACT
Endometrial cancer is a common malignancy of the female reproductive system. Despite improvement in living standards, the incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing due to the lack of effective screening. Early detection of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions can significantly improve prognosis and survival. At present, China lacks a method for screening endometrial lesions comparable to that for cervical cancer screening. A recently introduced endometrial sampler has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and minimal trauma, and is gradually being accepted for clinical screening of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions in other countries.This study aims to explore current screening methods for endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions and the clinical application of an endometrial sampler for screening.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the correlation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status and genotyping characteristics with the result of liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT) of the cervix in the female physical examiners in Xi'an.@*Methods@#The data of 5 163 female physical examiners who underwent HPV and TCT screening simultaneously in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University From June 2017 to June 2018 were collected to analyze HPV infection, genotyping and their relationship with TCT.@*Results@#Among the 5 163 examiners, 527 (10.21%) were HPV-positive, and the infection rate in the examiners over 60 years old was the highest [12.26% (57/465)]. Among HPV-positive examiners, the infection rate of single genotype was higher than that of multiple genotypes infection [75.90% (400/527) vs. 24.10% (127/527), P < 0.01]. The top four genotypes were type 52, 58, 53 and 16 accounting for 17.21% (121/703), 12.09% (85/703), 11.52% (81/703) and 10.67% (75/703), respectively, of the total frequency of HPV infection. Of the 5 163 examiners, 68 (1.32%) examiners were positive for TCT screening. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of TCT between HPV multiple genotypes-infected examiners and single genotype-infected examiners [11.02% (14/127) vs. 9.00% (36/400), χ2 = 0.460, P > 0.05]. Among 50 examiners with positive results of HPV and TCT tests, the top four genotypes were type 58, 52, 53 and 16, and they were in consistence with the overall HPV infection genotyping.@*Conclusions@#The HPV infection in the female physical examiners in Xi'an is dominated by the single genotype infection, and the main genotypes of HPV infection are type 52, 58, 53 and 16. The combined detection of HPV genotyping and TCT can improve the effectiveness of cervical lesions screening.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hyperchromatic crowed groups (HCGs) are defined as three-dimensional aggregates of crowded cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, and are frequently encountered in cervicovaginal liquid-based cytology (LBC). Here, we aimed to examine the prevalence of HCGs in cervicovaginal LBC and the cytomorphological characteristics of various epithelial cell clusters presenting as HCGs.METHODS: We first examined the prevalence of HCGs in a “routine cohort” of LBC cytology (n=331), consisting of all cervicovaginal LBCs accessioned over 3 days from outpatient clinics (n=179) and the screening population (n=152). Then we examined a second “high-grade epithelial cell abnormalities (H-ECA) cohort” (n=69) of LBCs diagnosed as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or adenocarcinoma during 1 year.RESULTS: HCGs was observed in 34.4% of the routine cohort and were significantly more frequent in the epithelial cell abnormality category compared to the non-neoplastic category (p=.003). The majority of HCGs represented atrophy (70%). Of the 69 histologically confirmed H-ECA cases, all contained HCGs. The majority of cases were HSIL (62%), followed by SCC (16%). Individually scattered neoplastic cells outside the HCGs were significantly more frequent in SCCs compared to glandular neoplasia (p=.002). Despite the obscuring thick nature of the HCGs, examining the edges and the different focal planes of the HCGs and the background were helpful in defining the nature of the HCGs.CONCLUSIONS: HCGs were frequently observed in cervicovaginal LBC and were mostly non-neoplastic; however, neoplastic HCGs were mostly high-grade lesions. Being aware of the cytomorphological features of different HCGs is important in order to avoid potential false-negative cytology interpretation.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Atrophy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cohort Studies , Crows , Epithelial Cells , Mass Screening , Prevalence , Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix , Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the feasibility of bronchoscopic brushing liquid-based slide cytology combined with automatic immunocytochemistry (ICC) for pathological typing of lung cancer.@*Methods@#A liquid-based thin-prep was prepared from 171 bronchoscopic brushing specimens of patients with pulmonary lesions. ICC was detected by automatic immunohistochemistry instrument while cytomorphological diagnosis was made. The results were compared with those of histopathological diagnosis.@*Results@#Among 171 patients, 130 (76.0%) could be classified by cell morphology alone, including 31 squamous cell carcinomas, 44 adenocarcinomas and 55 small cell carcinomas; 162 (94.7%) could be classified by cell morphology combined with ICC, including 38 squamous cell carcinomas, 61 adenocarcinomas and 63 small cell carcinomas (P<0.001). According to the gold standard of histopathological diagnosis, the coincidence rate of cytomorphology combined with ICC was higher than that of cell morphology alone. The coincidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma was increased from 85.2% to 97.1% (P=0.093), adenocarcinoma from 92.5% to 98.0% (P<0.001), and small cell carcinoma from 96.1% to 98.3% (P=0.465).@*Conclusion@#The combination of liquid-based thin-prep cytology and automatic immunohistochemistry can effectively improve the accuracy of pathological typing of brushing specimens under fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and provide more objective diagnostic results for clinical treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role and significance of opportunistic screening in cervical cancer screening for elderly women aged≥65 years old. Methods The screening data of 1 304 elderly women (≥65 years old) who underwent opportunistic screening for cervical cancer at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between January 1, 2010, and December 31 st, 2018, were analyzed retrospectively. Women who underwent cervical cytology tests and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing were divided into two groups according to age as following 65-69 and ≥70 years old. Women with abnormal cytology or who were hrHPV-positive were followed up. The cervical cytological abnormalities and high-risk HPV infection rates in women aged≥65 years in opportunistic screening were analyzed. Results Of all cases, 175 had abnormal cytology or were hrHPV-positive. Among the 1 304 women, 69 were TCT-positive, with a positivity rate of 5.3%, including 17 cases (24.6%) of high-degree squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and 3 cases (4.4%) of squamous cell carcinoma. The total abnormality rate of TCT in the 65-to 69-year age group (6.7%, 43 cases) was significantly higher than that in the≥70 age group (3.9%, 26 cases), and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.024). The overall prevalence of hrHPV infection was 10.7% (139/1 304). HPV58 (31/174, 17.9%) was identified as the most common high-risk HPV type, followed by HPV16, HPV52, HPV33, and HPV31. Follow-up showed that 50.3% of the women had never been screened in the past 10 years, and no statistically significant difference in TCT abnormality and hrHPV infection positivity rate were found between those who had been screened (80 cases) and those who had not been screened at least once in 5 years (87 cases) (P>0.05). Conclusion Attention should be paid to the screening for cervical cancer in elderly women aged ≥65 years old. Opportunistic screening is a supplement to the population-based organized cervical cancer screening. The termination age of cervical cancer screening for elderly women may be appropriately extended.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to explore the value of different combination schemes of liquid-based cytology (LBC) and high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) test in the screening of high-grade (≥CIN 2) cervical lesions. From 5727 women who had undergone examinations with LBC and high-risk HPV test, 1884 patients with positive results of either or both LBC and HPV test were included in this study and underwent cervical biopsy. Based on the pathological examination results, comparisons of the assessment indicators of all diagnostic tests were made, and the application values of LBC and high-risk HPV test and different combination schemes of the two in the screening of high-grade (≥CIN II) cervical lesions were estimated. Compared with the single test method, the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the combination scheme of LBC+HPV (with one positive result) were increased significantly (98.7% and 99.7%), but the specificity (60.8%) and accuracy rate (65.4%) dropped significantly (P<0.05). The sensitivity of LBC+HPV (with two positive results) was the lowest (80.7%), but the specificity and accuracy rate were the highest (83.5% and 83.1%, P<0.05). Z test showed that differences in the screening efficiency of four schemes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Both LBC and HPV test were effective methods in the screening of high-grade cervical lesions; combination of the two tests did not improve the screening efficiency, but the scheme of LBC+HPV (with two positive results) significantly increased the sensitivity and negative predictive value, which was of better cost-benefit value.